长兴岛周边海域夏季渔业资源现状初步调查

于2010年6月和8月采用底拖网对长兴岛周边海域的渔业资源进行了调查。结果表明：该海域有游泳动物38种,其中鱼类21种,虾类7种,蟹类6种,头足类4种;6月优势种为焦氏舌鳎、口虾蛄、日本蝇、长蛸、许氏平鱼由和大泷六线鱼,8月优势种为矛尾嘏虎鱼、口虾蛄、黄鲅鲸、日本蜉、焦氏舌鳎、葛氏长臂虾、斑纹蛳子鱼和细纹鲫子鱼。生物多样性评价结果表明,物种多样性指数从1992年的2．53降到现在的1．83,渔业资源群落结构发生了较大变化,种类减少,种的均衡性变差。     

人畜饮水蓄水池的改进方案——以山东省小钦岛地区为例

无地下淡水的海岛地区,淡水资源十分匮乏,传统的蓄水池难以全面而又安全的满足岛区人民生产生活以及人畜饮水的基本需要。笔者针对传统蓄水池的汲水方法中难以监测水位、水泵置位深度不定等特点,试在传统水泵控制器基础上添加了一些简单的分立元件,达到自动测定水位,并根据水位情况自动调控水泵汲水的目的,以方便对蓄积水的监测和使用。     

舟山市白沙岛海洋牧场建设现状分析及发展对策研究

指出了海洋牧场建设成为引领世界新技术革命、发展低碳经济的一个重要载体、阐述了国内外海洋牧场的发展状况,并探讨了舟山市白沙岛海洋牧场的建设现状和未来发展趋势。     

海南岛东南海岸带植被景观分类系统探讨

将Forman和Godron提出的基于植被(或土地利用)的景观分类方法与中国特有的土地类型分类方法相结合,采用区域性原则,综合性与主导因素相结合原则,人类干扰原则与层次性原则等分类原则,确立研究区海岸带植被景观类型系统。根据景观土地属性分类的植被分类途径,将海南岛东南海岸带景观分为植被景观、农田景观、湿地景观、建筑景观与其他景观等5种一级景观类型;针叶林、阔叶林、人工林、灌草丛和红树林等5种二级植被景观类型;青梅Vitica mangachapoi-柄果木Mischocarpus sundaicus林、榕树Ficus microcarpa-桄榔Arenga pinnata林等39种植被斑块类型(三级景观类型)。表2参13     

Conservation biology for suites of species: Demographic modeling for Pacific island kingfishers

Conservation practitioners frequently extrapolate data from single-species investigations when managing critically endangered populations. However, few researchers initiate work with the intent of making findings useful to conservation efforts for other species. We presented and explored the concept of conducting conservation-oriented research for suites of geographically separated populations with similar natural histories, resource needs, and extinction threats. An example was provided in the form of an investigation into the population demography of endangered Micronesian kingfishers (Todiramphus cinnamominus). We provided the first demographic parameter estimates for any of the 12 endangered Pacific Todiramphus species, and used results to develop a population projection matrix model for management throughout the insular Pacific. Further, we used the model for elasticity and simulation analyses with demographic values that randomly varied across ranges that might characterize congener populations. Results from elasticity and simulation analyses indicated that changes in breeding adult survival exerted the greatest magnitude of influence on population dynamics. However, changes in nestling survival were more consistently correlated with population dynamics as demographic rates were randomly altered. We concluded that conservation practitioners working with endangered Pacific kingfishers should primarily focus efforts on factors affecting nestling and breeder survival, and secondarily address fledgling juveniles and helpers. Further, we described how the generalized base model might be changed to focus on individual populations and discussed the potential application of multi-species models to other conservation situations.     

Density and distribution of the endemic Seram cockatoo Cacatua moluccensis in relation to land use patterns

The endemic Seram cockatoo, Cacatua moluccensis, was placed on Appendix I of CITES in response to declining trade statistics but in the absence of population data. We conducted population surveys and collected data on habitat structure at seven sites on Seram in 1998. Cockatoo densities ranged from 0.93 to 17.25 birds/km² and averaged 7.9 birds/km² across sites. We classified habitat into three types but found that cockatoo densities did not correspond closely to habitat differences across sites. Cockatoo abundance was significantly associated with presence of potential nest trees and strangling figs. Analysis of forest cover and landuse indicates that while most of the island is still covered in lowland forest, only 14% of these forests are protected and almost half the island is classified as logging concession. Conservation recommendations include better information and enforcement of laws protecting Seram cockatoos and resolution of boundary conflicts between parks and logging concessions.     

The drivers of soil bacterial communities in rubber plantation at local and geographic scales

ABSTRACT

According to traditional biogeographic theory, historical contingency can influence soil microbial communities. Thus, we ask: are historical contingencies (soil profiles and geographic sampling locations), or other factors (seasonal changes and soil nutrients), important drivers of soil bacterial communities? This study used high throughput sequencing technology to investigate the soil bacterial compositions of rubber plantations at the local and geographic scales. Significant differences were detected in bacterial compositions between two study locations, Xishuangbanna and Hainan Island. Redundancy analysis showed that the most important factor driving bacterial composition was site location and total nitrogen, which explained 38.2 and 38.4% the total variance, respectively; this indicates that historical contingencies drive distinct bacterial communities in rubber plantation soils. At the local scale, there were also distinct differences in soil bacterial compositions between the dry and rainy season in both the Xishuangbanna and Hainan sites. Seasonal changes explained 13.6 and 41.4% of the total variation of soil bacterial composition in Xishuangbanna and on Hainan Island, respectively, whereas other factors had little effect on soil bacterial communities (p < 0.001). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that historical contingencies drive variation in bacterial composition at the geographic scale, whereas seasonal changes influence variation at the local scale.     

海南岛火山岩砖红壤铁质风化壳主量元素特征[1]

通过对海南岛西北部火山岩砖红壤铁质风化壳剖面样品进行X荧光光谱法检测、风化特征指数及质量迁移系数的计算,揭示海南岛新生代火山岩砖红壤铁质风化壳的主量元素分布、风化强度和迁移特征。风化壳主量元素以Fe2O3、Al2O3、SiO2为主,K、Na、Ca、Mg等易溶组分较低;Fe2O3、Al2O3富集、SiO2淋失的热带地区风化特征。风化层CIA指数高达95%以上、Fe2O3/Al2O3上升,BA值较低, SiO2/Al2O3、SiO2/R2O3、BA下降;以Zr为参比元素,铁、铝迁移系数大于1,最大可达4.029,钠、钾、钙、镁、硅、锰迁移系数小于1,可低至-0.996。研究认为海南岛西北部火山岩风化壳表现为典型的脱硅富铁,铁质元素强烈富集,其它元素淋失明显,且铁铝元素发生了的分异,是比较成熟的风化壳。     

海南岛蝶类资源及其可持续利用策略

根据海南岛最新的蝶类文献资料进行了分类统计,结果表明,海南岛蝶类共计613种,隶属于11个科220个属。并对海南岛资料较全的589种蝶类昆虫进行了区系分析,其中属东洋区系种类的占总数的81.49％,其它跨区系的广布种占18．51％,显然,东洋界的种类占优势。提出了实现海南岛蝶类资源可持续利用的策略。     

Reproductive biology of common silver biddy Gerres oyena in Okinawa Island of southern Japan

ABSTRACT:   Common silver biddy Gerres oyena were collected monthly between November 2002 and November 2005 in Okinawa Island of southern Japan. The seasonal reproductive cycle of this species was investigated using the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and through histological observation of gonads. Temporal variation in the GSI reflected gonadal development from histological observations; ovary development occurred from March to September and testes development occurred between March and August. Maximal development was observed in April and May in both sexes. While mean values for hepatosomatic and lipidosomatic indices decreased markedly in females relative to males during gonadal development, mean condition factors decreased with gonadal recrudescence in both sexes. The minimum standard length (SL) at sexual maturity was 89.7 mm for females and 81.4 mm for males and the size at which 50% of individuals were sexually mature was 104 and 92 mm SL in females and males, respectively. The power relationships of batch fecundity (BF) versus standard length (SL, mm) and body weight (BW, g) of females can be expressed as BF  = 46.7 × e^{1.64 SL} and BF  = 19 697 × e^{0.49 BW} , respectively.